Certain English affixes, including re-, mount freely so you can words from each other source
Although English is good Germanic language, and most of its basic vocabulary derives away from Old English, there’s also a considerable words you to comes out of Relationship (Latin and French). Most other affixes, eg “-ation”, be restricted.
Centered on Hans Marchand, regarding Classes and you can Variety of Present-Day English Word-formation (University regarding Alabama Force, 1969), the fresh new suffix -ize comes to start with regarding the Greek -izo. Of a lot terminology conclude with this specific suffix enacted off Ecclesiastical Greek into the Latin, in which, because of the last 100 years, they’d be created since the verbs on stop -izare, for example barbarizare, catechizare, christianizare. In Old French we discover of numerous for example verbs, that belong generally to the ecclesistical areas: baptiser (11th c.), canoniser (13th c.), exorciser (14th c.).
The first -ize terms and conditions can be found in the English is finance with each other growlr a great French and you will Latin trend such baptize (1297), catechize, and plan out (each other 15th c.) By the end of the 16th century, not, we come across new structures inside the English, like bastardize, equalize, popularize, and you can womanize. The formal and you will semantic designs was indeed just like those people off this new lent French and Latin models, however, because of brand new renewed study of Greek, the fresh new knowledgeable had become way more familiar with its code and you can put new habits away from Old Greek word-formation easily.
Between 1580 and you can 1700, the procedures regarding literature, medicine, pure research and you may theology delivered a lot of the fresh new conditions toward code. A number of the conditions however used now is criticize, fertilize, humanize, naturalize, satirize, sterilize, and you will indicate. The development of science shared vast amounts of -ize formations through the nineteenth century and you will on the twentieth.
The fresh -ize words obtained because of the students within the contained in this group nine decades in the past show that -ize is virtually completely simply for Love words, really the only exclusions we receive becoming womanize and you will winterize. Regardless of if most modern English speakers aren’t consciously familiar with and this words inside their words are from and this source, he has got acknowledged that it distinction for the coining the fresh new terminology.
Component Design out-of Conditions
The fresh new constituent morphemes out of a word shall be structured with the a good branching or hierarchical structure, sometimes called a tree design. Look at the word unusable . It contains about three morphemes:
- prefix “un-“
- verb stalk “use”
- suffix “-able”
What is the construction? Could it possibly be earliest “use” + “-able” while making “usable”, up coming in addition to “un-” and make “unusable”? or perhaps is they very first “un-” + “use” and make “unuse”, next together with “-able” and come up with “unusable”? Once the “unuse” cannot can be found when you look at the English, whenever you are “usable” do, i like the first construction, and therefore represents new tree shown less than.
Which analysis is actually backed by the overall conclusion of these affixes. There can be a beneficial prefix “un-” you to attaches so you can adjectives to make adjectives with a negative meaning (“unhurt”, “untrue”, “unhandy”, etc.). As there are a suffix “-able” one to links to verbs and you will forms adjectives (“believable”, “fixable”, “readable”). This gives all of us the research pictured significantly more than. It’s impossible to mix a good prefix “un-” directly for the verb “use”, and so the other rationally-possible design wouldn’t work.
- prefix “un-“
- verb base “lock”
- suffix “-able”
This time around, in the event, a little believe suggests united states there exists a few various other definitions for this keyword: that add up to the brand new remaining-hand profile, meaning “not lockable,” another you to comparable to suitable-hands shape, meaning “capable of being unlocked.”